Why huck finn shouldnt be banned Essay Example For Students

Why huck finn shouldnt be banned Essay To teach or not to teach? This is the question that is presently on many administrators’ minds about The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. For those who read the book without grasping the important concepts that Mark Twain gets across â€Å"in between the lines†, many problems arise. A reader may come away with the impression that the novel is simply a negative view of the African-American race. Many scholars and educators, like Marylee Hengsetbeck who said, â€Å"If Huck Finn is used solely as a part of a unit on slavery or racism, we sell the book short.† feel that there is much to be learned about Blacks from this book and it should not be banned from the classroom. This is only one of many themes and expressions that Mark Twain is describing in his work. Another central theme is how the depiction of race relations and slavery is used as insight into the nature of blacks and whites as people in general. Overall, the most important thing to understa nd is that Mark Twain is illustrating his valuable ideas subtly and not pushing them upon the reader directly. Huck Finn teaches readers two important lessons about the true nature of people. Throughout the book, one of these main lessons is that Blacks can be just as caring as whites. The white characters often view the blacks as property rather than as individuals with feelings and aspirations of their own. Huck comes to realize that Jim is much more than a simple slave when he discusses a painful experience with his daughter. Jim describes how he once called her and she did not respond. He then takes this as a sign of disobedience and beats her for it. Soon realizing that she is indeed deaf, he comforts her and tries to make up for the act of beating. The feeling that Jim displays shows Huck that Jim has a very human reaction and the fact Jim says, â€Å"Oh Huck, I bust out crying†¦.’Oh the po’ little thing!† (Twain 151), only further proves to Huck that Jim is as caring as he is. Huck’s realization allows him to see that Jim is no longer the ordinary slave . The point where Huck completely changes his attitudes towards blacks comes when he is faced with the dilemma of turning in Jim. Huck fights with his conscience and also reflects on the things that Jim has done for him. â€Å"I’d see him standing my watch on top of his’n, stead of calling me, so I could go on sleeping; and see him how glad he was when I come back out of the fog; and when I come to him again in the swamp, up there where the feud was; and such likes the times: and would always call me honey, and pet me and do everything he could think of for me, and how good he always was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Twain) These two key scenes are among many that illustrate the idea that Blacks can be as caring and emotional as Whites one of the main lessons of the book. The second main lesson that the book teaches is that the world is full of hypocrites. Huck realizes that through his experiences with Jim that he and Blacks like him are not what he has been told. People like Miss Watson, who represent the established belief system of Huck’s society, tells him that blacks were nothing but property and should be treated as such. Huck now knowing that this is not the case sees that people, like Miss Watson, made up these laws to suit themselves. Furthermore, Huck sees that Miss Watson would often make up a regulation for him but not abide by it herself. An example of this concerns the subject of snuff. â€Å"And she took snuff too; of course that was alright, because she done it herself.† (Twain) Huck noticed this double standard even more now because he began to see that not everything Miss Watson told him was true. With this, Huck not only sees Jim in a new light, but begins to see that the people who supposedly know everything, didnâ⠂¬â„¢t really know anything. Again other critiques of the novel state that as a whole the book is â€Å"a masterpiece of irony.† (Kilpatrick) With this second main lesson, the book defends itself against being banned. .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d , .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d .postImageUrl , .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d , .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d:hover , .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d:visited , .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d:active { border:0!important; } .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d:active , .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u546d0d1045a8dced0364d9a07d2a8d6d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Computer Hackers EssayPeople who would ban â€Å"Huckleberry Finn† simply for the on the surface racial content are no better than the character of Miss Watson. The idea of banning a book and not teaching it to others is selfish and subjective in itself. Those who are seeking to ban it would often follow their own agendas, like Miss Watson in only trying to get their own view across and not allowing the novel to be interpreted for what it really is. As Hengstebeck states in her critique, â€Å"Selective editing only masks the real problem.† (Hengstebeck) another main reason arises about the recognition of slavery and racism. Racism is an ever-present idea in our society. To ban the book would be to deny students the insight that Twain brings to the subject. Mark Twain brings a first hand account to the subject through the character of Jim and how he reacts to his white neighbors. Jim, although he is shown to be a rational and mature person, bows down to white authority when he says lines like, â€Å"Jim couldn’t see no sense in the most of it but he allowed, we was white folks and knew better than him† The perspective that Twain gives through the character of Jim is invaluable because it takes the concepts of slavery and racism and gives them life. By making the concepts more real and accessible to people, Twain shows the subject for what it really is. Having this perspective would only help people to understand the concept better and deal with its many implications. As Morton Fried states â€Å"The removal of such literary works from the classroom, however, would be a strategy of defeat on the war against racism.† (Fried) Racism is built on ignorance, therefore banning the book’s insights would only perpetuate that ignorance and be a victory for racism and not a loss. To consider banning this novel simply because it has situations and characters that are considered racist is superficial. The novel does show the relationships between blacks and whites in the nineteenth century and all its overtones. However, it shows these situations not to promote racism against blacks, but to bring a better understanding of the subject. The character of Jim is shown to be caring, considerate towards Huck and more mature and human than the society allows him to be. Although he is shown to be this way, Twain shows the irony and hypocrisy of treating a mature man like simple property. The novel also shows how a boy, who is a product of this hypocritical society, comes to realize the true nature of his friend Jim and how screwed up his white peers actually are. In showing these ironic situations and the transformation that Huck goes through the reader sees racism and its implications in a real life setting. People who want to ban the book miss the idea entirely. Inst ead of getting rid of something that is supposedly racist, they only perpetuate racism by denying others a good source of material on the subject. Overall, banning the book would be doing more harm than good for society because of the denial of ignorance-breaking insight on an everlasting conflict.

Corporate Governance Principles - Policies - and Practices

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance for Principles, Policies, and Practices. Answer: Introduction: As per the case study, it has been observed that Japanese culture tends to provide more priorities on personal relationship. According to Mr. Woodfords, the British CEO of Olympus, Japan chairperson Mr. Michael Kikukawa sometimes takes partial decision at the time of taking any kind of management decision. Personal relation can never get the first priority at the time of taking any kind of management decision (Morellec and Erwan 2012). Woodfords considers it completely unethical. As per case scenario, it has been founded that most of the Japanese companies highly rely on the personal intermediaries rather than skills and talents. On March 2011, the level of profits of Olympus had been declined to 41 percent from the previous year due to the implementation of ineffective leadership style as well as management decision. After being associated with the company for more than 50 years, Michael Kikukawa decided to resign from the post of chairperson due to the serious downfall of Olympus. Corporate management style should always be participative where both managers and the employees would be able to make equal decision-making regarding the success of business. Here, personal relationship should never get first priority in case of business relation. As per the Japanese leadership style, the decision of Boss is the supreme. Not a single person tends to raise voice against the decision of the boss. Company managers or the business experts tend to impose their entire decision on the employees. As a result, the employees do not get immense opportunities to share their point of views regarding the business goal. This kind of leadership style is otherwise known as autocratic leadership style. Autocratic leadership style is the cause of employee de-motivational factors. On the other hand, British tend to maintain Participative leadership style or democratic leadership style at the workplace. With the help of democratic leadership style, employees are allowed to share their point of views regarding the success of business. Leaders never tend to impose their entire decision on the workers (Tricker and Bob 2015). At the time of making any kind of business strategies British companies like to involve both the participants and the managers for taking a collective decision making. As a result, employees like to show their interest for providing best services towards the business organization. Employee performance is the key pathways for rendering the success of an organization. Corporate governance is the set of rules and practices followed by the business organizations based on which the employees are controlled and directed. In order to survive within the business industry, the employees have to follow this kind of corporate governance ethics (Velnampy 2013). One of the most effective reasons of Olympus declination is corporate governance issue. As per the corporate governance practice, employees should be judged based on the skill and competency, rather than maintaining any kind of personal relation at the workplace. On the other hand, Kikukawa was much concerned about maintaining personal relation within the organization. As a result, some of the employees lose their motivational factors for performing well towards organizational services. On the other hand, Japanese culture never allowed an individual to raise the voice against the director or the boss. This is one of the most important reasons, due to which employees are showing their reluctance for providing an effective service for the organization like Olympus. In addition, Olympus after facing the serious decline in 2011, failed to pay the employee regularly. These factors are completely against the corporate governance practices. The perception of Woodfords and Michael Kikukawa are different from various angles. Woodfords believes that individual relation should never get the first priority in order to run an organization successfully. Under the leadership of Kikukawa, the employees were unable to express their own point of view regarding the business growth. The verdict of growth was the ultimate (Walls and Judith 2012). In this kind of situation, employees in general lost their interest to perform well for enhancing the revenue growth of an organization. As per the demand raised by Woodfords, Kikukawa never wanted to make a participative relation with the employees at the workplace. That was one of the most important reasons, due to which Olympus had to face immense difficulties for running their entire business process. In 2011, the profit margin of Olympus had faced a disastrous consequence and 41 percent of the profit has been declined in comparison to the previous year. Woodfords on the other hand, always appreciated on collective decision making before preparing a business strategy and policy. The irregular payment policy would be taken into the matter of serious concern under the power of Woodfords. Therefore, the views and perception of two different eminent businesspersons are completely different from each other while running a business organization effectively. The business growth of Japan Olympus had faced the peak of success initially being occupying a predominant place in the realm of manufacturing industry. Woodford after occupying the place of chief executive officer of Japans Olympus intended to raise some of the major problems that Olympus had faced at the time of running their organization successfully. As per the scandal raised at the particular period, it has been observed that the fees that Olympus paid was for an unknown group of people. Moreover, the advisory fees that were more than 30 percent cannot be traced even. The personal intermediaries and relation on the process of business had been taken as the first priority as per Japanese culture and believe. As a result, immense dissatisfactions had to be received from the employees. The entire progress of business growth had been affected highly. Employees failed to perform well as they are getting deprived of receiving the remuneration time to time. In addition, existing workers did not feel free to share their point of views regarding the business goal due to the implementation of autocratic leadership style at the workplace. As the consequence of Olympus conflict, the former chairperson as well as president was arrested due to the corporate governance issue in the year 2012 of February. Reference List: Morellec, Erwan, Boris Nikolov, and Norman Schrhoff. "Corporate governance and capital structure dynamics."The Journal of Finance67, no. 3 (2012): 803-848. Tricker, Bob.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. Velnampy, T. "Corporate governance and firm performance: a study of Sri Lankan manufacturing companies." (2013). Walls, Judith L., Pascual Berrone, and Phillip H. Phan. "Corporate governance and environmental performance: is there really a link?."Strategic Management Journal33, no. 8 (2012): 885-913.

Basic Management in Business

Proofreading vs Editing When Is One or the Other Needed

Proofreading vs Editing When Is One or the Other Needed Proofreading vs Editing: When Is One or the Other Needed? The terms â€Å"proofreading† and â€Å"editing† are sometimes used interchangeably, but there are significant differences between the two. Knowing which approach to utilize depends on what you need for a writing assignment. Are you looking for your content to improve in style and/or flow? Or do you need someone to purely remove spelling and grammatical errors? Refer to this chart to determine whether your writing needs editing or proofreading (or both): While editing and proofreading can be done with computer software (for example, spelling and grammar checks though Microsoft Word or Google Docs), there is still nothing like an editor or proofreader’s eye to give your work an organic flow and style. is dedicated to assisting with the creation of superb work for students and writers. We employ writers, editors, and proofreaders who work according to your topic of choice and specifications.

ESL Cause and Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ESL Cause and Effect - Essay Example Those native in a country expect that immigrants should get integrated into the society. One of the ways this is expected to be achieved, is by having those individuals learning the language of the country and with respect to America, students are required to study English (Kessler& Quinn, 1982). Thus it was thought necessary that the way to assimilate different culture is through making English the uniform language of instruction. The assimilationist orientation was institutionalized by reducing public funding to private and church associated schools and banning bilingual programs in public schools. Bilingual textbooks were burnt with teachers were fired, taken to court, and convicted for clearing up concepts in childrens own native languages. Language minority students display low accomplishment in English only classrooms. When compared with the national norms, they are behind in every subject areas. In addition to losing their native languages, these students exhibit low achievement in English only classrooms. When compared with the national norms, they lag behind in all subject areas. A large number of them eventually drop out or are pushed out of school (Kessler& Quinn, 1982). Classrooms are full of students representing diverse cultural, ethnic, and national origins. They speak one of the many different immigrant languages back home, and have diverse religious, socioeconomic, and educational backgrounds. This means that different approaches would be required but this becomes quite difficult. School failure of language minority students is was attributed to childrens supposed inadequate intellectual, cognitive, and linguistic abilities. It was widely believed that knowing two languages resulted in mental confusion, subdued cognitive and academic development, and led to low achievement of language minority students. Another commonly held belief was that some ethnic groups were genetically

Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk Management - Essay Example This paper will describe a risk context that may be faced by the top level executive of a bank while marketing it financial services. Risk contexts A bank executive normally faces different types of risks once the bank deals with ranges of transactions and uses a large amount of leverage every day. When a bank’s financial position becomes weak, naturally its depositors may withdraw their savings. Under such a difficult situation, the bank cannot sell debt securities in financial markets; and this condition would worsen the bank’s financial state. For instance, the major cause of 2007-2009 credit crisis can be attributed to the fear of bank failure. According to Pyle (2007), although a bank executive may share many of the same risks of other organizations, the major risks that really trouble an executive are liquidity risk, credit default risks, interest rate risks, and trading risks. Risk Identification and Analysis 1. Liquidity risk In case of a bank, the term liquidit y indicates its ability to pay bills and other payables, to repay money to a depositor, and to lend money to a borrower as part of bank’s credit policy. Hence, liquidity is the basic tool that is used to assess the financial viability of a bank. A bank executive faces great troubles while dealing with liquidity management because demands for funds are often unpredictable. Other off-balance sheet risks including loan commitments, letters of credit, and derivatives also constitute liquidity risks. A loan commitment indicates a line of credit that a bank issues on demand. Letters of credit are credit securities by which the bank guarantees that an importer will pay the exporter for imports or a commercial paper of bonds issuer will repay the principal. Finally, derivates are also an off balance sheet risk, which played a crucial role in the collapse of American International Group (AIG). 2. Credit Default Risks Credit default risk occurs when a borrower fails to repay the loan a mount. In general practice, loans are written off after a period of 90 days of nonpayment. Law demands banks to maintain a loan loss reserves account to cover the losses arising from unpaid loans. A bank executive or manager has the responsibility to ensure that the borrower has submitted collateral securities that are adequate to cover his loan amount. In addition, the bank executive has the primary responsibility to recover the loan amount from the borrower. Therefore, bank executives would be liable to answer the board of directors when a loan goes unpaid. 3. Interest Rate Risks Banks usually pay lower interests on its liabilities such as deposits and borrowings and charge higher interests on their assets such as loans and securities. Hence, it is obvious that difference in these interest rates is the main source of profit for any bank. However, a bank’s terms of liabilities are usually different from its terms of assets. In other words, interest rate paid on liabilities i s highly subjected to short term rate fluctuations while interest rate earned on assets is fixed. Sometimes, the interest rate variation may cause the bank to pay more for its liabilities and thus reducing the bank’s profit rates. Under such circumstances, a bank executive faces interest rate risk. Since the interest rate fluctuations are unpredictable, often a bank executive f

Social Policy Essay: What is Social Policy?

Social Policy Essay: What is Social Policy? What is social policy? Social Policy Social Policy refers to the development of welfare, social administration and policies of the government used for social protection. Social policy is related to the governmental approach of development of social services towards formation of a welfare state (Alcock, 2003). British welfare state is associated with poor laws established to cater to the needs of the poor. Social policy is not just a mere academic subject but relates to social and economic conditions of a country, how to promote these conditions for the development of a welfare state. Social policy, administration and social work are all aimed at the administration of welfare and the main areas of concern include tackling of social problems, administration of health, education and employment services, community care, crime and disability. Social policy is also related to issues of race, poverty, gender and the relevant collective responsibility of society and community (Coffey, 2004). Social policy is heavily dependent o n related disciplines of social work, psychology, law, economics, sociology, politics, economics, philosophy and public health. According to Burch et al (1991), Policies are courses of action, whether intended or unintended, that are deliberately adopted or can be shown to follow regular patterns over time., and Social policies have to do with human beings living together as a group in a situation requiring that they have dealings with each other. (1991, p.2) Burch et al further claim that Social Policy is associated with de jure, de facto and default claims, which means that Social policy is rooted in legal framework and tends to follow a particular form of practice. Yet, social policies are also subject to failures and an absence of implementation. Explaining Social Policy Emphasizing on the need for proper implementation of policies, Krysik et al (1998) suggest that social policy is about decision making and choosing among many alternative courses of action. Giving a complete administrative and procedural description to social policy, they claim that implementation strategies towards particular goals should deal with: issues of financing and reimbursement, e.g., sources of revenue and formulas for sharing costs; whether to use market mechanisms or public provision, or some combination of both; appropriateness of administrative mechanisms for a particular policy; and level(s) of government involvement and appropriateness of roles. (Krysik et al 1998, p.3) Krysik et al bring out an important aspect of social policy suggesting that social policy and the concept of individual well being is mainly a consequent process of the Social Security Act 1935 that identified the following needs: economic security; employment (the Federal Employment Act of 1946 expressed the goal of full employment for everyone able to work); housing [the Housing Act of 1949 (P.L. 81-171) stated that all Americans have the right to decent housing, in decent surroundings of their choosing]; health (the Comprehensive Health Planning Act of 1967 stated that Americans have the right to the highest quality of health care services available); education for handicapped children (P.L. 94-142 of 1975 insured the provision of a free, appropriate public education for all). (Krysik et al, 1998, p.5) Social policy addresses two main aspects of welfare and administration. Welfare economics is understood in terms of utility or peoples well being and refers to the range of services that can protect people against sicknesses, old age and the associated term welfare state, is used synonymously with social protection referred to within the European union. Welfare is thus a broad term and a description of welfare state would aim to achieve not just a realization of peoples needs but a general physical and psychological well-being as well. Social policy towards a welfare state approach is guided by several humanitarian, democratic, religious and practical concerns. Humanitarian concerns are related to eradication of poverty and practical necessities deal with economic and social provisions and benefits (Hill, 2000). Religious aspects emphasize on the charitable duties towards the community at large and democratic concerns highlight social protection as a fundamental democratic right of every individual. In this sense social policy has political and sociological aspects concerned not just with well being but tends to highlight proper living as a fundamental right of an individual. Principles and values applied to social policy can refer to needs, interests or wants of people with conditions such as poverty being identified as projecting lack of well-being. Social well being is generally considered in the interests of families, communities and individuals as people depend on social interaction, education and cooperative work to achieve social targets and rely on social interdependence for personal well-being. Social policy and administration is closely associated with individual perception of society, social values and social interaction as a means to fulfill specific social responsibility aimed at common good. When considering the ideal conditions of a welfare state or the factors of a lack of well being, several aspects on poverty, necessity, unemployment, old age, mental illness, disability and social exclusion are brought into focus. These refer to problems or obstacles in attaining the condition of welfare or a state of well being for all. Poverty can mean a deprivation of basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter, education but along with economic deprivation can also mean social exclusion, poor material conditions of living and is defined by normative or felt needs. However, poverty has its own stigma and can carry implications of inequality as poor people are the ones considered socially inadequate, who adapt themselves to a culture of poverty and poor due to the inequalities in social structure. Unemployment and social exclusion are other negative factors that tend to retard social policy towards welfare aims. Unemployment can be due to inadequacy in appropriate skills, or due to physical limitations such as old age and disability. Illness and old age are associated as health of old people are below average and most elderly individuals also suffer from some disability. All this is added to problems of isolation and mental dissatisfaction or some sort of psychological crisis in old age. According to the World Health Organization disability is however either an impairment as in problems in bodily structure or functions, a disability or inability to perform certain activities or a handicap which relate to problems with social participation (WHO, 2005). Disability of any form of permanent illness can have social, physical or psychological implications and forms a significant aspect of welfare considerations. Although social policy is focused on the more politically active and conscious younger generation and tends to attend to social needs of employment and rights and justice issues that concern young people. Social policy is thus an all-inclusive diverse di scipline with varied academic and socio-political aspects with active concerns on public health and welfare. Daly (2003) emphasizes on the importance of governance as a frame of analysis in social policy and investigates the usage and utility of governance as a discipline to study aspects of social policy. Using governance and political decisions as tools for development of social policy in the UK, Daly considers the public sphere, policy implementation, societal incorporation and policy making through governance examining the various strengths and weaknesses of governance including it focus on power and different levels of action and analysis. Daly approaches an important question as to whether a strong focus on state and governance leads to residualization of social policy and society. Taylor (1998) takes on a different approach and emphasizes the importance of social identity in social policy research. Taylors attempt was to go beyond for or against postmodernism arguments and argues that identity and difference from a social perspective and an analysis of social relations should also be considered alongside structural inequalities within the theoretical considerations of social policy. Taylor suggests that there are problems in the understanding of the concept of social policy which according to him is clearly misunderstood and delineates the necessity of a provisional theory that can distinguish between ontological and categorical identity in social policy. This he suggests would help to improve an understanding of the role of soils policy in the process of social identity formation. Franklin (2003) analyses the concept of social capital as an important instrument to political change. Franklin writes that the idea o social capital reconfigures the dynamics between social justice and economic efficiency and makes social relationships a key factor in explaining levels of inequality, economic prosperity and political participation (Franklin 2003, p.349). The concept of social capital as the focus of social policy shifts the focus of responsibility from government to individual, from economy to society informing policies that highlight social behavior reducing costs to government providing in turn economic solutions to social problems. The human as agency has also been taken up in social policy research extensively and Deacon and Mann (1999) focus on individual behavior in sociology and social policy research. The focus of the article is on the individual and the increasing moral and ethical dilemmas faced by an individual in a contemporary society, an aspect that has broad implications of social policy that is concerned with a general well being of every individual and a sense of well being is an important part of moral and ethical values. The authors suggest that moralists such as Field and Mead share the need for restructuring welfare to encourage responsible moral behavior. However sociologists Beck and Bauman believe that such a forced method might prove not only futile but even dangerous. Individualistic approaches and theories face considerable resistance from quarters that fear any support for atavistic individualism. However, the authors realize the need for a revival of theories based on the individual hu man agency that can create opportunities within social science and make it more sensitive to the activities of poor people and to the necessities and differences of a contemporary diverse British society. Conclusion: In this essay we analyzed the definitions of social policy and highlighted the all-encompassing nature of social policy and practice and how this is related to the concept of British welfare state. In this context we also analyzed the concept of welfare as government action to promote well-being considering the necessities of unemployed young people as also disabled or ill elderly persons. The needs of the poor and socially excluded are also considered in drawing up polices based on national health system and social security concerns. In our analysis of recent research papers, we discussed individual behavior, social identity, moral and ethical responsibility, and political issues in governance as important aspects of social policy research. Bibliography PC Alcock. 2003. The Subject of Social Policy (In The Students Companion to Social Policy, second edition, PC Alcock, A Erskine, M May (Joint Editors), Oxford, Blackwell, ISBN: 1405102918). Publication: 14532. Pete Alcock   Social Policy in Britain: Themes and Issues. Macmillan Press. 2003 Hobart A. Burch, Donna G. Michaels; The Whys of Social Policy: Perspective on Policy Preferences Praeger Publishers, 1991 Coffey, Amanda,  1967- Reconceptualizing social policy :  sociological perspectives on contemporary social policy /  Amanda Coffey. Maidenhead :  Open University Press,  2004. MARY DALY Governance and Social Policy Journal of Social Policy, Volume 32, Issue 01. January 2003. pp113-128 ALAN DEACON, KIRK MANN Agency, Modernity and Social Policy Journal of Social Policy, Volume 28, Issue 03. June 1999. pp413-435 Strengthening social policy :  lessons on forging government-civil society policy partnerships /  editors Laura Edgar, Jennifer Chandler. Ottawa, Ont. :  Institute on Governance,  c2004. Hankivsky, Olena A. R.  (Olena Areta Renata) Social policy and the ethic of care /  Olena Hankivsky. Vancouver, B.C. :  UBC Press,  c2004. Jane Franklin Social Capital: Policy and Politics Social Policy and Society, Volume 2, Issue 04. October 2003. pp349-352 PAUL HOGGETT Agency, Rationality and Social Policy Journal of Social Policy, Volume 30, Issue 01. January 2001. pp37-56 Heck, Ronald H. Studying educational and social policy :  theoretical concepts and research methods /  Ronald H. Heck. Mahwah, N.J. ; London :  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,  2004. Howard Glennerster   British Social Policy since 1945. Second Edition. Blackwell. 2000 Michael Hill   Understanding Social Policy. Sixth Edition. Blackwell. 2000. Lowe, Rodney. The welfare state in Britain since 1945 /  Rodney Lowe. 3rd ed. Basingstoke, Hampshire :  Palgrave Macmillan,  2005. Nicholas Timmins   The Five Giants: A Biography of the Welfare State. HarperCollins. 2001. Thomas and Dorothy Wilson   The State and Social Welfare the objectives of policy. Longman. 1991. Michael Hill Glen Bramley   Analysing Social Policy. Basil Blackwell.   1986. Eric Midwinter   The Butskellite consensus (c.1951-1973/9) (Chapter 7) in The Development of Social Welfare in Britain. Open University Press. 1994. DAVID TAYLOR Social Identity and Social Policy: Engagements with Postmodern Theory Journal of Social Policy, Volume 27, Issue 03. July 1998. pp329-350 Social Policy and Social Work: Critical Essays on the Welfare State Judy Krysik, Robert M. Moroney; Aldine De Gruyter, 1998 WHO www.who.int/en/